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Flooding tolerance of native and nonnative grasses: Variation in photosynthesis, transpiration,...
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Flooding tolerance of native and nonnative grasses: Variation in photosynthesis, transpiration, respiration, and carbon isotype discrimination
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580.pdf
Description
Author
Waring
,
Elizabeth
Title
Flooding
tolerance
of
native
and
nonnative
grasses
:
Variation
in
photosynthesis
,
transpiration
,
respiration
, and
carbon
isotype
discrimination
Degree Program
Biology
Subject keywords
Spartina
pectinata
;
Sorghum
halepense
;
Phragmites
australis
;
Phalaris
arundinacea
;
environmental
physics
Abstract
Invasion
by
nonnative
plants
is
particularly
prevalent
in
wetlands
.
While
the
ecological
patterns
in
wetland
plants
are
well
known
,
it
is
less
well
known
how
flooding-related
soil
conditions
influence
the
physiological
success
of
introduced
species
in
wetlands
. In
chapter
1
,
effects
of
flooding
were
measured
in
invasive
common
reed
(Phragmites
australis)
,
reed
canarygrass
(Phalaris
arundinacea)
,
johnsongrass
(Sorghum
halepense)
, and
native
prairie
cordgrass
(Spartina
pectinata)
. The
four
species
were
kept
at
four
levels
of
flooding
(deep
flooding
,
medium
flooding
,
low
flooding
, and
dry
conditions)
, and their
responses
were
measured
after
7
and
28
days
of
treatment
using
by a
Li-Cor
LI-6400
photosynthesis
and
fluorescence
system
.
Measurements
included
light
harvesting
abilities
,
CO2
fixation
rates
,
leaf
carbon
isotope
ratios
, and
root
anaerobic
enzyme
activities
.
CO2
fixation
and
light
harvesting
abilities
in
Phragmites
were
maximized
at
deep
flooding
conditions
whereas
they were
maximized
in
Phalaris
at
medium
flooding
conditions
.
Light
harvesting
abilities
in
Sorghum
were
maximized
at
deep
flooding
conditions
after
7
days
.
However
, at
28
days
most
of the
Sorghum
had
died
.
Native
Spartina
had the
lowest
light
harvesting
and
CO2
fixation
abilities
after
7
days
of
flooding
.
After
28
days
of
flooding
,
light
harvesting
abilities
of
Spartina
were
maximized
at
deep
flooding
levels
, but the
rates
were
lower
than
Phragmites
. In
chapter
2
,
flooding-sensitive
Sorghum
halepense
and
flooding-tolerant
Phragmites
australis
(n=5)
were
flooded
to
8
cm
depth
or
kept
dry
for
7
days
.
Transpiration
,
stomatal
conductance
,
boundary
layer
conductance
, and
vapor
conductance
were
measured
for
each
.
Transpiration
was
significantly
higher
in
drained
treatments
compared
to
flooded
treatments
for
Sorghum
.
However
,
transpiration
was
significantly
higher
in
flooded
treatments
compared
to
drained
treatments
for
Phragmites
.
Thus
, there was a
significant
species
x
treatment
interaction
in
transpiration
. A
similar
interaction
was
detected
in
both
stomatal
and
vapor
conductances
.
Phragmites
had
increased
stomatal
conductance
when
flooded
,
which
indicated
a
high
physiological
tolerance
to
waterlogged
soils
. This
allowed
Phragmites
to
photosynthesize
under
waterlogged
conditions
and to be
successful
as
wetland
invaders
.
Further
information
on the
conditions
that
maximize
stomatal
opening
for
Phragmites
can
help
management
efforts
. By
contrast
,
stomatal
conductance
in
Sorghum
was
decreased
under
flooding
,
indicating
a
greater
sensitivity
to
flooding
. The
sampled
population
of
Sorghum
is
therefore
not a
threat
to
invade
chronically
flooded
soils
based
on these
results
.
Additional
work
will be
needed
to
test
the
ability
of
Sorghum
to
acclimate
to
wet
environments
.
Increased
photosynthesis
rates
under
flooded
conditions
,
especially
in
short-term
flooding
,
might
help
invasive
grasses
to
invade
wetland
settings
.
Date Original
2010
Publisher
Fort Hays State University
Relation
Digital reproduction of the Fort Hays State University Theses Collection.
Type
Text
Format
application/pdf
Identifier
WaringElizabeth_2010_web.pdf
Source
LD2652 .T5 B5 W37 2010
Language
eng
Relation-Requires
Adobe Reader is required to view this item. Download at
http://get.adobe.com/reader/.
Rights
Copyright 2010 Elizabeth Waring
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